In 1903, Arthur, who had become relatively successful and well-known as a local businessman, became interested in affecting local mercantile policy, so, on his wife’s urgings, he sought out the office and served as a Brumley Alderman from 1904 to 1906. Birling’s manufacturing business diversified beyond the military contracts and remained generally robust until 1906 when a series of economic setbacks (new taxation, tariffs, labor disputes) caused a severe downturn in his business. Likely as a consequence of these developments, (and perhaps affected by both his father’s death that year and a school scandal involving his son Eric), Birling began evincing signs of emotional as well as physical distress, and was consequently diagnosed with melancholia (though no one outside of the family really knew the true nature of his ailment). He spent the better part of 1906 at home, during which time the business languished, despite the efforts of his wife Sybil and daughter Sheila to pitch in to try to sort things out at the firm. However, quite suddenly, in early 1907, Arthur recovered his health and returned to the factory, and soon thereafter experienced an upturn in business, helped by several new clients abroad. His old form having returned, he re-entered public service as well, serving as Lord Mayor of Brumley from 1909-1910.